Geobge kelly



tion with ordinary drafts.

UNITED STATES GEORGE KELLY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

FUEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 237,878, dated February 15, 1881.

Application filed April 22, 1880.

To all whom it may concern Be it known'that I, GEORGE KELLY, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Fuel; and I'do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to compounds for the development of heat by combustion, and the object of it is to produce an inexpensive compound which shall be cleaner to handle than most substances now in use for the purpose, and which shall be capable of perfect combus- An additional object is the utilization of coal-screenings and similar waste matter-as fuel.

The basis of my compound consists of coalscreenings, fine coal, sawdust, shavings, or any of the substances ordinarily used for fuel, provided such substances be in the form of dust or small fragments, so as to be capable of pressing, with other substances, into compact masses of a size not too great for use in ordinary heating-apparatus. These small fragments I grind with about one-tenth theirbulk of lime, applying at the same time water enough to reduce the mass toa pasty consistency. When the basis and the lime are thoroughly ground together I press the mixture into masses of any desired shape and size. It is important that the lime and the basis should be ground together, it being otherwise practically impossible to obtain that thorough mixture which is essential to a satisfactory result. Where rapid combustion is desired, it will be found advantageous to add to the other ingredients, before pressing into masses, about one-tenth their combined bulk of common salt, saltpeter, or other substances promotive of combustion. On becoming dry the particles of each mass will be cemented together, and will retain their coherence while burning as well as lumps of ordinary coal.

The chief advantages to be derived from this fuel are, first, its perfect combustion, so that no smoke is thrown 01f, the mixture evolving in combustion steam enough to make the combustion perfect; and, second, the utilization (N0 model.)

of coal-dust and like substances, which otherwise are comparatively useless.

Where an intense heat is not desired, but a gradual and uniform combustion, the properties of the fuel will be improved by mixing with the basis about one-half its bulk of ashes, the masses thus produced retaining their coherence longerand burning more gradually and steadily than any ordinary fuel. This retention of coherence is a very important point in the utilization of coal-screenings and the like. The operation of the mixture will be more satisfactory when the ashes are free from intermixture with particles of stone, sand, and other foreign substances. For this reason what are called back-ashes-that is, ashes taken from the back part of a steam-boiler furnace, where they are deposited from the smoke which is carried by the draft, mixed with flame, to the back of the furnace, where it passes into the boiler-fluesare found to be the best for this purpose.

I do not confine myself to any definite proportions, but have mentioned those which I find preferable.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. As a new article of manufacture, fuel consistin g of any suitable solid substance ground with lime, being at the same time wet, and then formed into masses of convenient shape and size, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. As a new article of manufacture, fuel consisting of coal screenings or dust, whether with or without other ingredients, ground with lime, being at the same time wet, and then formed into masses of convenient shape and size, substantially as and for the purpose de scribed.

3. As a new article of manufacture, fuel consisting of any suitable substance thoroughly mixed with ashes and formed into solid masses therewith of convenient shape and size, substantially as and for the purpose described.

Witnesses: GEORGE KELLY.

.1110. G. MAoGnEeoR, L. A. BUNTING. 

